CONDITIONS
Male Factor Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive within one year of unprotected intercourse. Normal couples will achieve conception at a rate of 20-25% per month. Most couples would have conceived by six months of trying and more than 90% at one year. Up to 15% of couples have infertility.
Male factor infertility is present more often than thought. In 35% of couples with infertility, a male factor is found together with a female factor, and 10% a male factor is the only identifiable cause.
If a couple fails to conceive within a year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, it is advised that both the male and female be assessed. Urologists focus on male factor infertility.
After a detailed history is taken identifying potential risk factors for male factor infertility, a physical examination is performed together with ultrasound studies, and certain laboratory investigations are requested.
The consultation aims to identify the cause of infertility and potentially offer a solution or improve the chances of conception. Causes of infertility are classified as obstructive or non-obstructive.
There is usually either a problem with the production or transport of good quality sperm cells.
How is male infertility treated?
Treatment of male factor infertility depends on the cause of infertility. Treatment most often involves the prescription of supplements and hormonal therapies or surgery, usually to address a varicocele.
Varicoceles are common and are present in up to 20% of males. A varicocele is made of engorged veins surrounding the testis. Varicoceles are more commonly found on the left side. Varicoceles may be treated surgically with open or laparoscopic techniques.
If conception is unlikely to occur despite correction of all modifiable factor for male infertility, the couple is referred to a fertility specialist for:
- Microsurgical reconstruction of the obstructed ducts
- Microsurgical extraction of sperm from the testes