These conditions are often diagnosed when most other causes of pelvic pain have been excluded.

• Interstitial cystitis:
  A disease characterized by constant pelvic pain/pressure/discomfort with the persistent urge to pass urine. Females are affected much more often than men, and there is often a family history of pelvic pain and frequent urination.
  
  Interstitial cystitis is often associated with irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, sensitive skin and body aches. Pain may worsen with tight clothing, stress and certain foods and beverages.
  
  A diagnosis of interstitial cystitis is often made when other more common causes of pelvic pain have been excluded. Inspection of the bladder with a cystoscope (cystoscopy) may confirm certain bladder abnormalities that are characteristic of the disease.
  
  There are several treatments for interstitial cystitis. These treatments include dietary changes, pelvic floor physiotherapy, medications and surgeries.

• Chronic pelvic pain syndrome/chronic prostatitis:
  Men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome often complain of longstanding pain as the predominating symptom. Pain may be experienced:
  • Lower abdomen/pelvis
  • Genitals and perineum
  • Burning urination
  • Pain with ejaculation
  • Early ejaculation
  • Poor erections

As with interstitial cystitis, there may be an association with irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, body aches, depression and anxiety.

Treatment is usually provided in the form of physical therapy, and medication with surgery rarely required.